1.5 R Markdown vs. Markdown
- Markdown 1 2 – Advanced Markdown Editor Tutorial Pdf
- Markdown Advanced
- Markdown 1.2
- Markdown Editor Table
- Markdown 1 2 – Advanced Markdown Editor Tutorial For Beginners
- Markdown 101
The code highlighting syntax uses CodeHilite and is colored with Pygments. It follows the same syntax as regular Markdown code blocks, with ways to tell the highlighter what language to use for the code block. The language will be detected automatically, if possible. Or you can specify it on the first line with 3 colons and the language name.
If you are not familiar with R Markdown, please see Appendix A for a quick tutorial. When you create a new post, you have to decide whether you want to use R Markdown or plain Markdown, as you can see from Figure 1.2.
File size: 18 MBMarkdown Monster is a Markdown editor and viewer that lets you edit Markdown with syntax highlighting and fast text entry.A collapsible, synced, live preview lets you see your output as you type or scroll. Easily embed images, links, emojis and code using Markdown text or use our. What is Markdown. Markdown is a syntax for editing the form of a plain text document. It is used when editing a README file, an online document, or a document form with a plain text editor. Documents created using Markdown can be easily converted to other document types such as HTML.-Wikipedia ? How to write markdown. Markdown is a plain text formatting syntax to speed up your writing. Let us try Markdown by using this online Markdown editor.
Table 1.2 summarizes the main differences between the three options, followed by detailed explanations below.
Feature | .Rmd | .Rmarkdown | .md |
---|---|---|---|
Run R code | yes | yes | no |
Bibliography | yes | no | no |
Task list | maybe | yes | yes |
MathJax | yes | maybe | maybe |
HTML widgets | yes | no | no |
- You cannot execute any R code in a plain Markdown document, whereas in an R Markdown document, you can embed R code chunks (
```{r}
). However, you can still embed R code in plain Markdown using the syntax for fenced code blocks```r
(note there are no curly braces{}
). Such code blocks will not be executed and may be suitable for pure demonstration purposes. Below is an example of an R code chunk in R Markdown:And here is an example of an R code block in plain Markdown: - A plain Markdown post is rendered to HTML through Blackfriday (a package written in the Go language and adopted by Hugo). An R Markdown document is compiled through the packages rmarkdown, bookdown, and Pandoc, which means you can use most features of Pandoc’s Markdown and bookdown’s Markdown extensions in blogdown. If you use R Markdown (Allaire et al. 2020) with blogdown, we recommend that you read the documentation of Pandoc and bookdown at least once to know all the possible features. We will not repeat the details in this book, but list the features briefly below, which are also demonstrated on the example website https://blogdown-demo.rbind.io.
- Inline formatting:
_italic_
/**bold**
text and`inline code`
. - Inline elements: subscripts (e.g.,
H~2~0
) and superscripts (e.g.,R^2^
); links ([text](url)
) and images![title](url)
; footnotestext^[footnote]
. - Block-level elements: paragraphs; numbered and unnumbered section headers; ordered and unordered lists; block quotations; fenced code blocks; tables; horizontal rules.
- Math expressions and equations.
- Theorems and proofs.
- R code blocks that can be used to produce text output (including tables) and graphics. Note that equations, theorems, tables, and figures can be numbered and cross-referenced.
- Citations and bibliography.
- HTML widgets, and Shiny apps embedded via
<iframe>
.
There are many differences in syntax between Blackfriday’s Markdown and Pandoc’s Markdown. For example, you can write a task list with Blackfriday but you could not with Pandoc until recently:16
Similarly, Blackfriday does not support LaTeX math and Pandoc does. We have added the MathJax support to the default theme (hugo-lithium) in blogdown to render LaTeX math on HTML pages, but there is a caveat for plain Markdown posts: you have to include inline math expressions in a pair of backticks
`$math$`
, e.g., `$S_n = sum_{i=1}^n X_i$`
. Similarly, math expressions of the display style have to be written in `$$math$$`
. For R Markdown posts, you can use $math$
for inline math expressions, and $$math$$
for display-style expressions.17If you find it is a pain to have to remember the differences between R Markdown and Markdown, a conservative choice is to always use R Markdown, even if your document does not contain any R code chunks. Pandoc’s Markdown is much richer than Blackfriday, and there are only a small number of features unavailable in Pandoc but present in Blackfriday. The main disadvantages of using R Markdown are: Chronosync 4 9 40.
- You may sacrifice some speed in rendering the website, but this may not be noticeable due to a caching mechanism in blogdown (more on this in Section D.3). Hugo is very fast when processing plain Markdown files, and typically it should take less than one second to render a few hundred Markdown files.
- You will have some intermediate HTML files in the source directory of your website, because blogdown has to call rmarkdown to pre-render
*.Rmd
files into*.html
. You will also have intermediate folders for figures (*_files/
) and cache (*_cache/
) if you have plot output in R code chunks or have enabled knitr’s caching. Unless you care a lot about the “cleanness” of the source repository of your website (especially when you use a version control tool like GIT), these intermediate files should not matter.
In this book, we usually mean
.Rmd
files when we say “R Markdown documents,” which are compiled to .html
by default. However, there is another type of R Markdown document with the filename extension .Rmarkdown
. Such R Markdown documents are compiled to Markdown documents with the extension .markdown
, which will be processed by Hugo instead of Pandoc. There are two major limitations of using .Rmarkdown
compared to .Rmd
:- You cannot use Markdown features only supported by Pandoc, such as citations. Math expressions only work if you have installed the xaringan package (Xie 2020e) and applied the JavaScript solution mentioned in Section B.3.
- HTML widgets are not supported.
The main advantage of using
.Rmarkdown
is that the output files are cleaner because they are Markdown files. It can be easier for you to read the output of your posts without looking at the actual web pages rendered. This can be particularly helpful when reviewing GitHub pull requests. Note that numbered tables, figures, equations, and theorems are also supported. You cannot directly use Markdown syntax in table or figure captions, but you can use text references as a workaround (see bookdown’s documentation).For any R Markdown documents (not specific to blogdown), you have to specify an output format. There are many possible output formats in the rmarkdown package (such as
html_document
and pdf_document
) and other extension packages (such as tufte::tufte_html
and bookdown::gitbook
). Of course, the output format for websites should be HTML. We have provided an output format function blogdown::html_page
in blogdown, and all R Markdown files are rendered using this format. It is based on the output format bookdown::html_document2
, which means it has inherited a lot of features from bookdown in addition to features in Pandoc. For example, you can number and cross-reference math equations, figures, tables, and theorems, etc. See Chapter 2 of the bookdown book (Xie 2016) for more details on the syntax.Note that the output format
bookdown::html_document2
in turn inherits from rmarkdown::html_document
, so you need to see the help page ?rmarkdown::html_document
for all possible options for the format blogdown::html_page
. If you want to change the default values of the options of this output format, you can add an output
field to your YAML metadata. For example, we can add a table of contents to a page, set the figure width to be 6 inches, and use the svg
device for plots by setting these options in YAML:To set options for
blogdown::html_page()
globally (i.e., apply certain options to all Rmd files), you can create a _output.yml
file under the root directory of your website. This YAML file should contain the output format directly (do not put the output format under the output
option), e.g.,At the moment, not all features of
rmarkdown::html_document
are supported in blogdown, such as df_print
, code_folding
, code_download
, and so on.If your code chunk has graphics output, we recommend that you avoid special characters like spaces in the chunk label. Ideally, you should only use alphanumeric characters and dashes, e.g.,
```{r, my-label}
instead of ```{r, my label}
.It is not recommended to change the knitr chunk options
fig.path
or cache.path
in R Markdown. The default values of these options work best with blogdown. Please read Section D.5 to know the technical reasons if you prefer.If you are working on an R Markdown post, but do not want blogdown to compile it, you can temporarily change its filename extension from
.Rmd
to another unknown extension such as .Rmkd
.Markdown 1 2 – Advanced Markdown Editor Tutorial Pdf
This section describes Julia's markdown syntax, which is enabled by the Markdown standard library. The following Markdown elements are supported:
Here 'inline' refers to elements that can be found within blocks of text, i.e. paragraphs. These include the following elements.
Surround words with two asterisks,
**
, to display the enclosed text in boldface.Surround words with one asterisk,
*
, to display the enclosed text in italics.Surround text that should be displayed exactly as written with single backticks,
`
.Literals should be used when writing text that refers to names of variables, functions, or other parts of a Julia program.
To include a backtick character within literal text use three backticks rather than one to enclose the text.
By extension any odd number of backticks may be used to enclose a lesser number of backticks.
Surround text that should be displayed as mathematics using $LaTeX$ syntax with double backticks,
``
.As with literals in the previous section, if literal backticks need to be written within double backticks use an even number greater than two. Note that if a single literal backtick needs to be included within $LaTeX$ markup then two enclosing backticks is sufficient.
The
character should be escaped appropriately if the text is embedded in a Julia source code, for example, '``LaTeX`` syntax in a docstring.'
, since it is interpreted as a string literal. Alternatively, in order to avoid escaping, it is possible to use the raw
string macro together with the @doc
macro:Links to either external or internal targets can be written using the following syntax, where the text enclosed in square brackets,
[ ]
, is the name of the link and the text enclosed in parentheses, ( )
, is the URL.It's also possible to add cross-references to other documented functions/methods/variables within the Julia documentation itself. For example: Axis and allies civil war.
This will create a link in the generated docs to the
parse
documentation (which has more information about what this function actually does), and to the nothing
documentation. It's good to include cross references to mutating/non-mutating versions of a function, or to highlight a difference between two similar-seeming functions.The above cross referencing is not a Markdown feature, and relies on Documenter.jl, which is used to build base Julia's documentation.
Named and numbered footnote references can be written using the following syntax. A footnote name must be a single alphanumeric word containing no punctuation.
The text associated with a footnote can be written anywhere within the same page as the footnote reference. The syntax used to define the footnote text is discussed in the Footnotes section below.
The following elements can be written either at the 'toplevel' of a document or within another 'toplevel' element.
A paragraph is a block of plain text, possibly containing any number of inline elements defined in the Inline elements section above, with one or more blank lines above and below it.
A document can be split up into different sections using headers. Headers use the following syntax:
A header line can contain any inline syntax in the same way as a paragraph can.
Try to avoid using too many levels of header within a single document. A heavily nested document may be indicative of a need to restructure it or split it into several pages covering separate topics.
Source code can be displayed as a literal block using an indent of four spaces as shown in the following example.
Additionally, code blocks can be enclosed using triple backticks with an optional 'language' to specify how a block of code should be highlighted.
'Fenced' code blocks, as shown in the last example, should be preferred over indented code blocks since there is no way to specify what language an indented code block is written in.
Text from external sources, such as quotations from books or websites, can be quoted using
>
characters prepended to each line of the quote as follows.Note that a single space must appear after the
>
character on each line. Quoted blocks may themselves contain other toplevel or inline elements.The syntax for images is similar to the link syntax mentioned above. Prepending a
!
character to a link will display an image from the specified URL rather than a link to it.Unordered lists can be written by prepending each item in a list with either
*
, +
, or -
.Note the two spaces before each
*
and the single space after each one.Lists can contain other nested toplevel elements such as lists, code blocks, or quoteblocks. A blank line should be left between each list item when including any toplevel elements within a list.
The contents of each item in the list must line up with the first line of the item. In the above example the fenced code block must be indented by four spaces to align with the
i
in item two
.Markdown Advanced
Ordered lists are written by replacing the 'bullet' character, either
*
, +
, or -
, with a positive integer followed by either .
or )
.An ordered list may start from a number other than one, as in the second list of the above example, where it is numbered from five. As with unordered lists, ordered lists can contain nested toplevel elements.
Large $LaTeX$ equations that do not fit inline within a paragraph may be written as display equations using a fenced code block with the 'language'
math
as in the example below.This syntax is paired with the inline syntax for Footnote references. Make sure to read that section as well.
Footnote text is defined using the following syntax, which is similar to footnote reference syntax, aside from the
:
character that is appended to the footnote label.No checks are done during parsing to make sure that all footnote references have matching footnotes.
The equivalent of an
<hr>
HTML tag can be achieved using three hyphens (---
). For example:Basic tables can be written using the syntax described below. Note that markdown tables have limited features and cannot contain nested toplevel elements unlike other elements discussed above – only inline elements are allowed. Tables must always contain a header row with column names. Cells cannot span multiple rows or columns of the table.
As illustrated in the above example each column of
|
characters must be aligned vertically.A
:
character on either end of a column's header separator (the row containing -
characters) specifies whether the row is left-aligned, right-aligned, or (when :
appears on both ends) center-aligned. Providing no :
characters will default to right-aligning the column.Markdown 1.2
Specially formatted blocks, known as admonitions, can be used to highlight particular remarks. They can be defined using the following
!!!
syntax:Markdown Editor Table
The type of the admonition can be any word made up of only lowercase Latin characters (a-z), but some types produce special styling, namely (in order of decreasing severity):
danger
, warning
, info
, note
, and tip
.Markdown 1 2 – Advanced Markdown Editor Tutorial For Beginners
A custom title for the box can be provided as a string (in double quotes) after the admonition type. For that standard types (
danger
, warning
.. etc_, if no title text is specified after the admonition type, then the type title used will be the type of the block. E.g. 'Note'
in the case of the note
admonition.If you would like to define your own block, for example a
terminology
block used like so:Admonitions, like most other toplevel elements, can contain other toplevel elements.
Julia's markdown supports interpolation in a very similar way to basic string literals, with the difference that it will store the object itself in the Markdown tree (as opposed to converting it to a string). When the Markdown content is rendered the usual
show
methods will be called, and these can be overridden as usual. This design allows the Markdown to be extended with arbitrarily complex features (such as references) without cluttering the basic syntax.Markdown 101
In principle, the Markdown parser itself can also be arbitrarily extended by packages, or an entirely custom flavour of Markdown can be used, but this should generally be unnecessary.